Aristotle & Locke

The most radical shit of property therefore arises from the need to provide the most basic human needs, or in the piddle of acquisition to deliver the intimatelys subsistence, or to allow for purposes of what Aristotle calls household management what "suffices for a good life" (Aristotle 21). But because dissimilar types of human beings live different ways of life, the modal comforts of property acquisition for subsistence purposes also differ. Aristotle cites five such basic modes of subsistence-centered property acquisition, which in the case of some groups whitethorn overlap and converge: "the pastoral, the farming, the freebooting, the fishing, and the life of the chase" (20).

Subsistence by its take nature implies the acquisition of limited property, or that which is merely capable for life and well-being. Aristotle accordingly moves on to discuss property that is twain potentially unlimited in its amount and artificial rather than natural. Such property is achieved through some medium of exchange, so that the value of property is non its instrumentality or return barely rather an aspect of exchange, at the expense of angiotensin converting enzyme and for the profit of another(prenominal) party to the exchange. The medium of or shape for this artificial exchange is money, or as Aristotle puts it, currency, which of itself is "useless for all of the necessary purposes of life" (Aristotle 25). He connects these concepts with a view toward s

Within the context of the difference among subsistence and exchange, or between property for survival and property signifying wealth, Aristotle identifies trey forms of property acquisition. The first form, or subsistence-centered form of property acquisition, then, is the "soundest and properest form" of the acquisitive art, in which either exchange that takes place involves any objects of exchange or barter in performing the practical, instrumental goal or "end" of their existence. Thus for example garb produced by one party would be exchanged for vegetables produced by another, so that one party would end up with blank space to wear and the other party would end up with vegetables to eat.

In the second form, that of exchange, property acquisition includes commerce (mainly shipping trade), investment, and expert and unskilled services provided for hire. In this form, the objects of exchange are not necessarily to be used for their natural function or "end" but become a means to another end, which is making money. The thirdly form involves the objects of subsistence-centered property acquisition, but in the mode of exchange-related acquisition. It is "intermediate between the first and second," says Aristotle, and "is concerned with things extracted from the ball [metals] or with products of the earth which bear no fruit but are still of use [trees used for timber]" (Aristotle 30). This third mode is a distinction from that Barker finds "difficult" to accept (32); however, if the third mode is compared to what might today be called industrial production, then Aristotle's categories would appear to make sense.

But since gold and silver, being teentsy useful to the life and man in proportion to food, raiment, and carriage, has its value only from the consent of men, whereof labour yet makes, in great(p) part, the measure, it is plain, that men have agreed to a disproportionate and inadequate possession of the earth, they having, by a tacit and voluntary consent, imbed out a
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