Metabolic Process notes These are just notes for

Chemical Basis of Life (1)

Biology is the study of living organisms. In turn, organisms argon chemical machines, i.e. organisms argon composed of molecules, which are collections of smaller units called atoms. Therefore, we bespeak to consider the chemistry of life or biochemistry.

Chemical Bonding

-electrons occupy divers(a) positions (distances) from the nucleus of an atom, known as energy levels.

-as an electron moves still from the nucleus of an atom, its potential energy increases. Why? Energy is scuttlebutt to reduce its everyday attraction to the positively charged nucleus.

-the outer(prenominal) orbital or energy levels are termed the valence orbital; the valence electrons ** the chemical behaviour of an atom is determined by the number and arrangement of the valence electrons.

The need for stability - there are a group of elements in the Periodic fudge called the noble gases that are inert (non-reactive). Except for helium that has 2 valence electrons, all members of this group have 4 pairs or 8 valence electrons.

Chemical Basis of Life (2)

Therefore 8 seems to be a magic number i.e. the noble gases do not flack to gain, lose, or share electrons with other atoms. All other elements take in charge to gain, lose and share electrons to achieve the ability of the noble gases. These interactions are the cause of chemical reactions that will establish the chemical bonds among atoms.

Types of Bonds

1.Ionic

- Atoms lose electrons to have positively charged ions called cations

-atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions called anions.

-an ionic bond forms between alloy cations and non-metal anions; it is simply electrostatic attraction involving opposite charges.

e.g. table sodium chloride - NaCl

- Sodium has 1valence electron; if it loses this, it becomes stable, resulting as the cation Na+

-Chlorine has 7 valence electrons; the addition of...

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