HIV & The Fetus

Initial st get on withs of infection whitethorn take flu-like symptoms, fatigue, or a mono-nucleosis-like illness. The individual may ulterior become asymptomatic, however a low-grade viremia persists (Katz, & Lim, p. 102).

Studies of fetal tissue from the first trimester, later in pregnancy, and from neonates and umbilical cord at birth, demonstrate that piece immunodeficiency virus does cross the placenta. Therefore in all infants of infected mothers will essentially be human immunodeficiency virus-antibody positive and diagnosis of infant human immunodeficiency virus infection must be make by a demonstration of the virus itself in the infant's race or through the finding of an HIV-antibody titer that persists beyond the age of 18 months (only around 25 percent will be infected). Initially it was presumed that perinatal transmission of HIV occurred in 75 percent to 100 percent of cases; the rate of neonatal HIV transmission is actually 15 percent to 30 percent. high(prenominal) rates of perinatal infection are proportional to enatic levels of HIV and viremia. HIV is found in breast loopy and infected mothers are recommended not to breastfeed (Craven, Steger, Jarek, p. 39; & Katz & Lim, pp. 102-103).

HIV infection affects the course of pregnancy, depending on the disease stage; mothers with a CD4 count greater than 300, generally do not stand up adverse effectuate on pregnancy. Alternatively, pregnancy, a state of tolerant compromise, has an effect on HIV infe

Langston, C., Lewis, D. E., Hammill, H. A., Popek, E. J., Kozinetz, C. A., Kline, M. W., Hanson, I. C., & Shearer, W. T. (1995). Excess intrauterine fetal demise associated with maternal human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 172, 1451-1460.

Infants born to HIV-infected women who are not infected, test HIV antibody positive because of transplcentally acquired maternal IgG. These children commonly serorevert to antibody ostracize by six to 18 months of age. Early diagnosis is classic for optimal treatment. Children who develop AIDS by the age of five, usually show signs by five months of age (rapid progressors).

AIDS symptoms include PCP (Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia), failure to thrive, hepatitis, diarrhea, and neurocognitive deterioration. Perinatal events such as rule of delivery, birth wight, gestational age, and maternal immunologic or clinical characteristics, are not associated with disease progression for infected infants. long-winded progressors make up approximately 70 percent to 80 percent of all HIV-infected children; some are asymptomatic and others turn over mild symptoms such as lymphadenopathy or parotitis. These children have higher CD8 and lymphocytes and slower rates of CD4+ attrition, suggesting effective cytotoxicity and viral suppression during resistant system ontogeny. Factors such as virus, transmission modes, genes, and environmental effects are studied for slow progressors and long-term nonprogressors (Wiznia, Lambert, & Pavlakis, 1996, pp. 1309-1314).

Boland, M. (1996). Overview of perinatally transmitted HIV infection. Nursing Clinics of North America, 31(1), 155-164.

The cascade of illness phase includes more chronic conditions that can be controlled but not ripened; medication compliance is crucial. Home-care nurses need to plan to meet surplus needs, for example special arrangements must be made for the fair sex whose vision is impaired. Profound fatigue and cognitive impairment may impair t
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